![]() In order to assess control over the entire movement, we have introduced an additional instruction that requires the user accurately place each block in a specific position on the opposite side of the partition. The same instructions in the standard BBT applied for the transport of the blocks in the modified BBT subjects were instructed to drop the blocks on the other side of the partition, making sure that the fingertips of the tested hand crossed the partition plane. standardized the placement and order of block pick-up. To create the modified BBT, which facilitates the comparison of trajectories and body movements, Hebert et al. In this study, we introduce a novel outcome measure (targeted Box and Blocks Test) that expands upon the instructions defined in the modified BBT introduced by Hebert et al. While it remains difficult to develop a single task that will evaluate every aspect of functional performance, modifications to existing outcome measures may increase their ecological validity, while still maintaining the benefits of ease and speed of implementation reliable, objective measurement and repetition of motion. Previous work has also found that the joint angle ranges and peak angle values observed during the BBT are much lower than those that have been reported from able-bodied subjects performing typical ADLs such as perineal care, drinking from a cup, lifting objects from the ground and off shelves, and carton pouring. As noted by Hebert et al., allowing the subject to choose which blocks to move results in tremendous variability in the trajectories employed, making comparisons among subjects difficult. However, there are several limitations associated with this test. The standard BBT is a useful measure due to its ease and speed of implementation, reliable and objective measurement, and repetition of motion. The subject can select blocks in any order to transport over the partition as quickly as possible, with the only requirement being that the subject’s fingertips cross the vertical plane of the partition. A subject’s score is equal to the number of these blocks transported over a 15.2-cm tall partition in one minute. In the BBT, one hundred and fifty 2.5cm 3 wooden blocks in many different orientations are placed on the side of the partition with the testing hand. In addition to patients who have suffered stroke, the BBT has been utilized in a variety of other clinical populations such as those with multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, fibromyalgia, and upper limb amputation, as well as the elderly. One of the most common measures used for such evaluation in the stroke population is the Box and Blocks Test (BBT). It is very common for clinicians to utilize several OMs that focus on performance of activities of daily living (ADLs), dexterity, or strength to provide adequate evaluation of functional abilities in a given clinical population. For those persons undergoing treatment and/or rehabilitation for upper limb disabilities, functional outcome measures (OMs) are used to characterize the efficacy of a specific treatment or rehabilitation regimen. ![]() ![]() Upper limb disability can result from a number of different conditions, including but not limited to stroke, musculoskeletal disorders, and amputation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information file.įunding: This work was funded in part by an interagency agreement with DARPA-BTO (IAA 224-14-6009), and by the FDA Critical Path Initiative (CPOSEL13). This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. Received: FebruAccepted: Published: May 19, 2017 PLoS ONE 12(5):Įditor: Esteban Andres Fridman, Weill Cornell Medical College, UNITED STATES Citation: Kontson K, Marcus I, Myklebust B, Civillico E (2017) Targeted box and blocks test: Normative data and comparison to standard tests.
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